Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland
This site presents the national classification of sea floor marine habitats for Britain and Ireland. The expandable classification hierarchy below lists all types, from broad habitat level to sub-biotope level, in hierarchical order. The different levels in the hierarchy are colour-coded and are hyperlinked to the descriptions for each individual type.
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- Marine
- Littoral rock (and other hard substrata)
- High energy littoral rock
- Mussel and/or barnacle communities
- Mytilus edulis and barnacles on very exposed eulittoral rock
- Chthamalus spp. on exposed eulittoral rock
- Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock
- Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock
- Semibalanus balanoides, Fucus vesiculosus and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral rock
- Semibalanus balanoides and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral boulders and cobbles
- Robust fucoid and/or red seaweed communities
- Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana on extremely exposed upper shore rock
- Corallina officinalis on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
- Himanthalia elongata and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
- Palmaria palmata on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
- Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
- Osmundea pinnatifida on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
- Ceramium sp. and piddocks on eulittoral fossilised peat
- Fucoids in tide-swept conditions
- Mussel and/or barnacle communities
- Moderate energy littoral rock
- Mussels and fucoids on moderately exposed shores
- Barnacles and fucoids on moderately exposed shores
- Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock
- Fucus spiralis on exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock
- Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
- Fucus serratus on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
- Rhodothamniella floridula on sand-scoured lower eulittoral rock
- Low energy littoral rock
- Fucoids on sheltered marine shores
- Fucoids in variable salinity
- Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered variable salinity littoral fringe rock
- Fucus spiralis on sheltered variable salinity upper eulittoral rock
- Fucus vesiculosus on variable salinity mid eulittoral boulders and stable mixed substrata
- Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on variable salinity mid eulittoral rock
- Ascophyllum nodosum ecad mackaii beds on extremely sheltered mid eulittoral mixed substrata
- Fucus serratus and large Mytilus edulis on variable salinity lower eulittoral rock
- Fucus ceranoides on reduced salinity eulittoral rock
- Features of littoral rock
- Lichens or small green algae on supralittoral and littoral fringe rock
- Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock
- Prasiola stipitata on nitrate-enriched supralittoral or littoral fringe rock
- Verrucaria maura on littoral fringe rock
- Blidingia spp. on vertical littoral fringe soft rock
- Ulothrix flacca and Urospora spp. on freshwater-influenced vertical littoral fringe soft rock
- Rockpools
- Green seaweeds (Ulva spp. and Cladophora spp.) in shallow upper shore rockpools
- Coralline crust-dominated shallow eulittoral rockpools
- Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools
- Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral rockpools
- Hydroids, ephemeral seaweeds and Littorina littorea in shallow eulittoral mixed substrata pools
- Littoral caves and overhangs
- Green algal films on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings
- Rhodochorton purpureum and Pleurocladia lacustris crusts on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings
- Chrysophyceae and Haptophyceae on vertical upper littoral fringe soft rock
- Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors
- Verrucaria mucosa and/or Hildenbrandia rubra on upper to mid shore cave walls
- Sponges and shade-tolerant red seaweeds on overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and in cave entrances
- Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves
- Rhodochorton purpureum and Cladophora rupestris on upper to mid-shore cave walls
- Sparse fauna (barnacles and spirorbids) on sand/pebble-scoured rock in littoral caves
- Faunal crusts on wave-surged littoral cave walls
- Ephemeral green or red seaweed communities (freshwater or sand-influenced)
- Ephemeral green and red seaweeds on variable salinity and/or disturbed eulittoral mixed substrata
- Ulva spp. on freshwater-influenced and/or unstable upper eulittoral rock
- Porphyra purpurea and Ulva spp. on sand-scoured mid or lower eulittoral rock
- Barnacles and Littorina spp. on unstable eulittoral mixed substrata
- Lichens or small green algae on supralittoral and littoral fringe rock
- High energy littoral rock
- Littoral sediment
- Littoral coarse sediment
- Littoral sand
- Littoral mud
- Littoral mixed sediment
- Hediste-dominated gravelly sandy mud shores
- Hediste diversicolor in littoral gravelly muddy sand and gravelly sandy mud
- Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in littoral gravelly mud
- Hediste diversicolor and Scrobicularia plana in littoral gravelly mud
- Hediste diversicolor and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral gravelly sandy mud
- Hediste diversicolor, cirratulids and Tubificoides spp. in littoral gravelly sandy mud
- Hediste diversicolor and Corophium volutator in littoral gravelly sandy mud
- Hediste diversicolor in littoral gravelly muddy sand and gravelly sandy mud
- Species-rich mixed sediment shores
- Hediste-dominated gravelly sandy mud shores
- Littoral macrophyte-dominated sediment
- Littoral biogenic reefs
- Infralittoral rock (and other hard substrata)
- High energy infralittoral rock
- Kelp with cushion fauna and/or foliose red seaweeds
- Alaria esculenta on exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
- Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and crustose sponges on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock
- Laminaria hyperborea forest with a faunal cushion (sponges and polyclinids) and foliose red seaweeds on very exposed upper infralittoral rock
- Sparse Laminaria hyperborea and dense Paracentrotus lividus on exposed infralittoral limestone
- Laminaria hyperborea with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed infralittoral rock
- Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
- Laminaria hyperborea and red seaweeds on exposed vertical rock
- Sediment-affected or disturbed kelp and seaweed communities
- Saccharina latissima and/or Saccorhiza polyschides on exposed infralittoral rock
- Saccorhiza polyschides and other opportunistic kelps on disturbed sublittoral fringe rock
- Polyides rotunda, Ahnfeltia plicata and Chondrus crispus on sand-covered infralittoral rock
- Dense Desmarestia spp. with filamentous red seaweeds on exposed infralittoral cobbles, pebbles and bedrock
- Mixed kelps with scour-tolerant and opportunistic foliose red seaweeds on scoured or sand-covered infralittoral rock
- Halidrys siliquosa and mixed kelps on tide-swept infralittoral rock with coarse sediment
- Saccharina latissima, Chorda filum and dense red seaweeds on shallow unstable infralittoral boulders or cobbles
- Kelp with cushion fauna and/or foliose red seaweeds
- Moderate energy infralittoral rock
- Kelp and red seaweeds (moderate energy infralittoral rock)
- Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe rock
- Laminaria hyperborea on tide-swept, infralittoral rock
- Laminaria hyperborea on tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata
- Laminaria hyperborea and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed infralittoral rock
- Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock
- Laminaria hyperborea park and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock
- Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock
- Grazed Laminaria hyperborea park with coralline crusts on lower infralittoral rock
- Sabellaria spinulosa with kelp and red seaweeds on sand-influenced infralittoral rock
- Dense foliose red seaweeds on silty moderately exposed infralittoral rock
- Laminaria hyperborea on moderately exposed vertical rock.
- Hiatella arctica and seaweeds on vertical limestone / chalk.
- Kelp and seaweed communities in tide-swept sheltered conditions
- Laminaria digitata, ascidians and bryozoans on tide-swept sublittoral fringe rock
- Mixed kelp with foliose red seaweeds, sponges and ascidians on sheltered tide-swept infralittoral rock
- Mixed kelp and red seaweeds on infralittoral boulders, cobbles and gravel in tidal rapids
- Saccharina latissima with foliose red seaweeds and ascidians on sheltered tide-swept infralittoral rock
- Filamentous red seaweeds, sponges and Balanus crenatus on tide-swept variable-salinity infralittoral rock
- Kelp and red seaweeds (moderate energy infralittoral rock)
- Low energy infralittoral rock
- Silted kelp communities (sheltered infralittoral rock)
- Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on moderately exposed or sheltered infralittoral rock
- Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima on sheltered infralittoral rock
- Sargassum muticum on shallow slightly tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata
- Saccharina latissima on very sheltered infralittoral rock
- Grazed Saccharina latissima with Echinus, brittlestars and coralline crusts on sheltered infralittoral rock
- Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata on sheltered sublittoral fringe rock
- Saccharina latissima forest on very sheltered upper infralittoral rock
- Saccharina latissima park on very sheltered lower infralittoral rock
- Silted cape-form Laminaria hyperborea on very sheltered infralittoral rock
- Kelp in variable or reduced salinity
- Codium spp. with red seaweeds and sparse Saccharina latissima on shallow, heavily-silted, very sheltered infralittoral rock
- Saccharina latissima and Psammechinus miliaris on variable salinity grazed infralittoral rock
- Saccharina latissima with Phyllophora spp. and filamentous green seaweeds on variable or reduced salinity infralittoral rock
- Faunal communities on variable or reduced salinity infralittoral rock
- Submerged fucoids, green or red seaweeds (low salinity infralittoral rock)
- Ascophyllum nodosum with epiphytic sponges and ascidians on variable salinity infralittoral rock
- Mixed fucoids, Chorda filum and green seaweeds on reduced salinity infralittoral rock
- Polyides rotunda and/or Furcellaria lumbricalis on reduced salinity infralittoral rock
- Fucus ceranoides and Ulva spp. on low salinity infralittoral rock
- Silted kelp communities (sheltered infralittoral rock)
- Features of infralittoral rock
- Infralittoral surge gullies and caves
- Foliose seaweeds and coralline crusts in surge gully entrances
- Anemones, including Corynactis viridis, crustose sponges and colonial ascidians on very exposed or wave surged vertical infralittoral rock
- Crustose sponges and colonial ascidians with Dendrodoa grossularia or barnacles on wave-surged infralittoral rock
- Dendrodoa grossularia and Clathrina coriacea on wave-surged vertical infralittoral rock
- Crustose sponges on extremely wave-surged infralittoral cave or gully walls
- Coralline crusts in surge gullies and scoured infralittoral rock
- Infralittoral fouling seaweed communities
- Infralittoral surge gullies and caves
- High energy infralittoral rock
- Circalittoral rock (and other hard substrata)
- High energy circalittoral rock
- Very tide-swept faunal communities
- Deep sponge communities (circalittoral)
- Mixed faunal turf communities
- Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock
- Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Dysidea fragilis and Actinothoe sphyrodeta on tide-swept wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Cylista elegans on tide-swept ciraclittoral rock
- Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Corynactis viridis and a mixed turf of crisiids, Bugula, Scrupocellaria, and Cellaria on moderately tide-swept exposed circalittoral rock
- Mixed turf of hydroids and large ascidians with Swiftia pallida and Caryophyllia smithii on weakly tide-swept circalittoral rock
- Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Polyclinum aurantium and Flustra foliacea on sand-scoured tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders
- Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept exposed circalittoral mixed substrata
- Sparse sponges, Nemertesia spp. and Alcyonidium diaphanum on circalittoral mixed substrata
- Suberites spp. with a mixed turf of crisiids and Bugula spp. on heavily silted moderately wave-exposed shallow circalittoral rock
- Flustra foliacea and Haliclona oculata with a rich faunal turf on tide-swept circalittoral mixed substrata
- Molgula manhattensis with a hydroid and bryozoan turf on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Sponges and anemones on vertical circalittoral bedrock
- Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock
- Moderate energy circalittoral rock
- Echinoderms and crustose communities
- Caryophyllia smithii and Swiftia pallida on circalittoral rock
- Caryophyllia smithii, sponges and crustose communities on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Urticina felina and sand-tolerant fauna on sand-scoured or covered circalittoral rock
- Faunal and algal crusts on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Flustra foliacea on slightly scoured silty circalittoral rock
- Alcyonium digitatum, Spirobranchus triqueter, algal and bryozoan crusts on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Faunal and algal crusts with Spirobranchus triqueter and sparse Alcyonium digitatum on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Brittlestars on faunal and algal encrusted exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Alcyonium digitatum with Securiflustra securifrons on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Caryophyllia smithii with faunal and algal crusts on moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
- Alcyonium digitatum and faunal crust communities on vertical circalittoral bedrock
- Circalittoral Sabellaria reefs (on rock)
- Soft rock communities
- Circalittoral mussel beds on rock
- Circalittoral faunal communities in variable salinity
- Echinoderms and crustose communities
- Low energy circalittoral rock
- Brachiopod and ascidian communities
- Solitary ascidians, including Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis, on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
- Large solitary ascidians and erect sponges on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
- Antedon spp., solitary ascidians and fine hydroids on sheltered circalittoral rock
- Novocrania anomala and Protanthea simplex on sheltered circalittoral rock
- Brachiopod and ascidian communities
- Features of circalittoral rock
- High energy circalittoral rock
- Sublittoral sediment
- Sublittoral coarse sediment (unstable cobbles and pebbles, gravels and coarse sands)
- Sublittoral coarse sediment in variable salinity (estuaries)
- Infralittoral coarse sediment
- Sparse fauna on highly mobile sublittoral shingle (cobbles and pebbles)
- Halcampa chrysanthellum and Edwardsia timida on sublittoral clean stone gravel
- Moerella spp. with venerid bivalves in infralittoral gravelly sand
- Hesionura elongata and Microphthalmus similis with other interstitial polychaetes in infralittoral mobile coarse sand
- Glycera lapidum in impoverished infralittoral mobile gravel and sand
- Cumaceans and Chaetozone setosa in infralittoral gravelly sand
- Dense Lanice conchilega and other polychaetes in tide-swept infralittoral sand and mixed gravelly sand
- Circalittoral coarse sediment
- Spirobranchus triqueter with barnacles and bryozoan crusts on unstable circalittoral cobbles and pebbles
- Mediomastus fragilis, Lumbrineris spp. and venerid bivalves in circalittoral coarse sand or gravel
- Protodorvillea kefersteini and other polychaetes in impoverished circalittoral mixed gravelly sand
- Neopentadactyla mixta in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand
- Branchiostoma lanceolatum in circalittoral coarse sand with shell gravel
- Offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
- Sublittoral sands and muddy sands
- Sublittoral sand in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)
- Sublittoral sand in variable salinity (estuaries)
- Infralittoral fine sand
- Infralittoral muddy sand
- Echinocardium cordatum and Ensis spp. in lower shore and shallow sublittoral slightly muddy fine sand
- Fabulina fabula and Magelona mirabilis with venerid bivalves and amphipods in infralittoral compacted fine muddy sand
- Arenicola marina in infralittoral fine sand or muddy sand
- Spisula subtruncata and Nephtys hombergii in shallow muddy sand
- Circalittoral fine sand
- Circalittoral muddy sand
- Offshore circalittoral sand
- Sublittoral cohesive mud and sandy mud communities
- Sublittoral mud in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)
- Sublittoral mud in variable salinity (estuaries)
- Polydora ciliata and Corophium volutator in variable salinity infralittoral firm mud or clay
- Aphelochaeta marioni and Tubificoides spp. in variable salinity infralittoral mud
- Nephtys hombergii and Tubificoides spp. in variable salinity infralittoral soft mud
- Infralittoral fluid mobile mud
- Capitella capitata and Tubificoides spp. in reduced salinity infralittoral muddy sediment
- Oligochaetes in variable or reduced salinity infralittoral muddy sediment
- Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex and Gammarus spp. in low salinity infralittoral muddy sediment
- Infralittoral sandy mud
- Melinna palmata with Magelona spp. and Thyasira spp. in infralittoral sandy mud
- Nephtys hombergii and Macoma balthica in infralittoral sandy mud
- Kurtiella bidentata and Abra spp. in infralittoral sandy mud
- Cylista undata and Ascidiella aspersa on infralittoral sandy mud
- Ampelisca spp., Photis longicaudata and other tube-building amphipods and polychaetes in infralittoral sandy mud
- Capitella capitata in enriched sublittoral muddy sediments
- Infralittoral fine mud
- Circalittoral sandy mud
- Amphiura filiformis and Ennucula tenuis in circalittoral and offshore sandy mud
- Thyasira spp. and Ennucula tenuis in circalittoral sandy mud
- Amphiura filiformis, Kurtiella bidentata and Abra nitida in circalittoral sandy mud
- Virgularia mirabilis and Ophiura spp. with Pecten maximus on circalittoral sandy or shelly mud
- Lagis koreni and Phaxas pellucidus in circalittoral sandy mud
- Circalittoral fine mud
- Offshore circalittoral mud
- Ampharete falcata turf with Parvicardium pinnulatum on cohesive muddy sediment near margins of deep stratified seas
- Foraminiferans and Thyasira sp. in deep circalittoral fine mud
- Styela gelatinosa, Pseudamussium peslutrae and solitary ascidians on sheltered deep circalittoral muddy sediment
- Capitella capitata and Thyasira spp. in organically-enriched offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud
- Levinsenia gracilis and Heteromastus filifirmis in offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud
- Paramphinome jeffreysii, Thyasira spp. and Amphiura filiformis in offshore circalittoral sandy mud
- Myrtea spinifera and polychaetes in offshore circalittoral sandy mud
- Calocaris macandreae and polychaetes in offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud
- Sublittoral mixed sediment
- Sublittoral mixed sediment in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)
- Sublittoral mixed sediment in variable salinity (estuaries)
- Infralittoral mixed sediment
- Crepidula fornicata with ascidians and anemones on infralittoral coarse mixed sediment
- Sabella pavonina with sponges and anemones on infralittoral mixed sediment
- Venerupis corrugata, Amphipholis squamata and Apseudes latreilli in infralittoral mixed sediment
- Limaria hians beds in tide-swept sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
- Ostrea edulis beds on shallow sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
- Mediomastus fragilis and cirratulids in infralittoral mixed sediment
- Circalittoral mixed sediment
- Cerianthus lloydii and other burrowing anemones in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment
- Sparse Modiolus modiolus, dense Cerianthus lloydii and burrowing holothurians on sheltered circalittoral stones and mixed sediment
- Kurtiella bidentata and Thyasira spp. in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment
- Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment
- Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment
- Offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
- Sublittoral macrophyte-dominated communities on sediments
- Maerl beds
- Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment
- Saccharina latissima with Psammechinus miliaris and/or Modiolus modiolus on variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment
- Saccharina latissima and red seaweeds on infralittoral sediments
- Red seaweeds and kelps on tide-swept mobile infralittoral cobbles and pebbles
- Saccharina latissima with red and brown seaweeds on lower infralittoral muddy mixed sediment
- Saccharina latissima and robust red algae on infralittoral gravel and pebbles
- Saccharina latissima and filamentous red algae on infralittoral sand
- Loose-lying mats of Phyllophora crispa on infralittoral muddy sediment
- Saccharina latissima and Gracilaria gracilis with sponges and ascidians on variable salinity infralittoral sediment
- Saccharina latissima and Chorda filum on sheltered upper infralittoral muddy sediment
- Saccharina latissima, Gracilaria gracilis and brown seaweeds on full salinity infralittoral sediment
- Mats of Trailliella on infralittoral muddy gravel
- Filamentous green seaweeds on low salinity infralittoral mixed sediment or rock
- Sublittoral seagrass beds
- Angiosperm communities in reduced salinity
- Sublittoral biogenic reefs on sediment
- Polychaete worm reefs (on sublittoral sediment)
- Sublittoral mussel beds (on sublittoral sediment)
- Modiolus modiolus beds with hydroids and red seaweeds on tide-swept circalittoral mixed substrata
- Modiolus modiolus beds on open coast circalittoral mixed sediment
- Modiolus modiolus beds with Mimachlamys varia, sponges, hydroids and bryozoans on slightly tide-swept very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
- Modiolus modiolus beds with fine hydroids and large solitary ascidians on very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
- Mytilus edulis beds on sublittoral sediment
- Coral reefs
- Sublittoral coarse sediment (unstable cobbles and pebbles, gravels and coarse sands)
- Atlantic upper bathyal
- Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Barnacle dominated community on Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Brachiopod dominated community on Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Deep sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Sparse encrusting community on Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
- Crinoid dominated community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
- Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
- Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
- Sparse encrusting community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
- Urchin dominated community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
- Atlantic upper bathyal sand
- Burrowing ophiuroid community on Atlantic upper bathyal sand
- Crinoid dominated community on Atlantic upper bathyal sand
- Mixed infauna dominated by polychaetes in Atlantic upper bathyal sand
- Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic upper bathyal sand
- Surface dwelling ophiuroid community on Atlantic upper bathyal sand
- Urchin dominated community on Atlantic upper bathyal sand
- Atlantic upper bathyal mud
- Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment
- Atlantic upper bathyal biogenic structure
- Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Atlantic mid bathyal
- Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Barnacle dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Brachiopod dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Sparse encrusting community on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Atlantic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Crinoid dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Sparse encrusting community on Atlantic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Urchin dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Xenophyophore dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Mixed infauna dominated by polychaetes in Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Burrowing anemone field in Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Burrowing ophiuroid community on Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Crinoid dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Surface dwelling ophiuroid community on Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Urchin dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal sand
- Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Burrowing anemone field in Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Burrowing ophiuroid community on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Crinoid dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Deep sponge aggregation on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Erect coral field on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Mixed infauna dominated by polychaetes in Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Seapens and burrowing megafauna on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Urchin dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Xenophyophore dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal mud
- Atlantic mid bathyal mixed sediment
- Atlantic mid bathyal biogenic structure
- Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Atlantic lower bathyal
- Atlantic lower bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment
- Atlantic lower bathyal sand
- Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Burrowing ophiuroid community on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Deep sponge aggregation on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Erect coral field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Mixed infauna dominated by polychaetes in Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Urchin dominated community on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Xenophyophore dominated community on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
- Atlantic lower bathyal mixed sediment
- Atlantic lower bathyal biogenic structure
- Atlantic upper abyssal
- Atlantic upper abyssal rock and other hard substrata
- Atlantic upper abyssal coarse sediment
- Atlantic upper abyssal sand
- Atlantic upper abyssal mud
- Atlantic upper abyssal mixed sediment
- Atlantic upper abyssal biogenic structure
- Atlantic mid abyssal
- Atlantic lower abyssal
- Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal
- Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal coarse sediment
- Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal sand
- Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal mud
- Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal mixed sediment
- Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal biogenic structure
- Arctic mid bathyal
- Arctic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata
- Arctic mid bathyal coarse sediment
- Arctic mid bathyal sand
- Arctic mid bathyal mud
- Arctic mid bathyal mixed sediment
- Arctic mid bathyal biogenic structure
- Arctic lower bathyal
- Arctic upper abyssal
- Littoral rock (and other hard substrata)